https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Index en-au 5 https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:43226 Thu 15 Sep 2022 09:14:21 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:8333 17 years and 12 in subjects < 17 years). In accord with the well documented greater pain sensitivity in females compared with males, in all studies with vaccines which reported pain during and post vaccination [hepatitis A, B, diphtheria/tetanus toxoid, diphtheria/tetanus/pertussis(DTaP and Tdap), anthrax and inactivated influenza], females reported a greater rate of pain than males. The pathophysiology of the sex-difference in local reactions (induration, tenderness, erythema, pruritus) following vaccination is clearly multifactorial with hypersensitivity reaction (type III, Arthus reaction-antigen/antibody immune complex formation), route of administration and hormonal factors being suggested. The data presented in this review demonstrate that studies of AEFI should recruit similar numbers of females and males and that these data should be analyzed for sex-difference. Additionally, unlike as at present, reporting of analysis of AEFI data by sex should become standard practice.]]> Sat 24 Mar 2018 08:37:01 AEDT ]]>